Geography
Location
Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Geographic Coordinates: 6 00 S, 35 00 E
Area
Total Area: 947,300 sq km Rank: 31
Land Area: 885,800 sq km
Water Area: 61,500 sq km
Note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Comparison: slightly larger than twice the size of California
Land Boundaries: 3,861 km
Bordering Countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Coastline: 1,424 km
Climate
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Terrain
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Elevations
Lowest Point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Highest Point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Natural Resources
hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Land Use
Arable land: 4.23%
Permanent Crops: 1.16%
Other: 94.61% (2005)
Irrigated Land: 1,840 sq km (2003)
Renewable Water Resources: 91 cu km (2001)
Total Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): 5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)
Freshwater Withdrawal Per Capita: 135 cu m/yr (2000)
Environment
Natural Hazards: flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Environmental Issues: soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Environmental Agreements: Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Geography Notes
Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the southwest
People
Population: 41,048,532 Rank: 30
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)
Age Structure
0-14 years: 43% (male 8,853,529/female 8,805,810)
15-64 years: 54.1% (male 10,956,133/female 11,255,868)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 513,959/female 663,233) (2010 est.)
Median Age: 18 years
Population Growth
Growth Rate: 2.04% (2010 est.) Rank: 55
Birth Rate: 34.29 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Rank: 37
Death Rate: 12.59 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Rank: 31
Net Migration Rate: -1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Rank: 126
Urbanization
Urban Population: 25% of total population (2008)
Rate of Urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Life and Death
Infant Mortality Rate: 69.28 deaths/1,000 live births Rank: 25
Life Expectancy at Birth: 52.01 years Rank: 206
Fertility Rate: 4.31 children born/woman (2010 est.) Rank: 39
Health and Disease
HIV/AIDS - Adult Prevalence Rate: 6.2% (2007 est.) Rank: 12
People living with HIV/AIDS: 1.4 million (2007 est.) Rank: 6
HIV/AIDS Deaths: 96,000 (2007 est.) Rank: 7
Degree of Risk for Major Infectious Diseases: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne Diseases: malaria and plague
Water Contact Diseases: schistosomiasis
Animal Contact Diseases: rabies (2009)
Nationality and Culture
Noun: Tanzanian(s)
Adjective: Tanzanian
Ethnic Groups: mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African
Religion: mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Languages: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
Education
Literacy: 69.4%
Education expenditures: 2.2% of GDP (1999) Rank: 164
Government
Country Name
Conventional Long Form: United Republic of Tanzania
Conventional Short Form: Tanzania
Local Long Form: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
Local Short Form: Tanzania
Formerly: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Capital: Dar es Salaam Geographic Coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E
Note: legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis
Administrative divisions
26 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Independence: 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
National holiday: Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Constitution: 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive Branch
Chief of State: President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
Head of Government: President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001)
Elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 December 2005 (next to be held on 31 October 2010); prime minister appointed by the president
Election Results: Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 80.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 11.7%, Freeman MBOWE 5.9%
Legislative Branch
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats; 232 members elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 14 December 2005 (next to be held on 31 October 2010)
Election Results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 206, CUF 19, CHADEMA 5, other 2, women appointed by the president 37, Zanzibar representatives 5 Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 30, CUF 19; 1 seat was nullified with a rerun to take place soon
Judicial branch
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Politics
Political Parties and Leaders: Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREME]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
Political Pressure Groups and Leaders: Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF; Free Zanzibar; Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA
International Organization Participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Flag Description: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean
Economy
Economy Overview: Tanzania is in the bottom 10% of the world's economies in terms of per capita income. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-fourth of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to about 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Long-term growth through 2005 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession.
Gross Domestic Product
GDP (purchasing power parity): $57.69 billion (2009 est.) Rank: 85
GDP - real growth rate: 6% (2009 est.) Rank: 19
GDP - per capita (PPP): $1,400 (2009 est.) Rank: 202
GDP - Composition by Sector: Agriculture: 26.4% Industry: 22.6% Services: 50.9% (2009 est.)
Labor Force
Labor Force: 21.23 million (2009 est.) Rank: 30
Labor force - by occupation: Agriculture: 80% Industry and Services: 20% (2002 est.)
Unemployment Rate: NA
Poverty
Population below poverty line: 36% (2002 est.)